冷軋酸霧凈化處理

發布日(ri)期：2023-07-22 　瀏覽次數：777

1 概述(shu)

帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)鋼(gang)經熱軋(ya)后(hou)需經酸(suan)洗(xi)(xi)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)后(hou)方(fang)可實施冷軋(ya)，酸(suan)洗(xi)(xi)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)能夠(gou)實現對帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)鋼(gang)表面污(wu)垢(gou)及(ji)氧化鐵的(de)有(you)效清洗(xi)(xi)，確保帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)鋼(gang)板品(pin)的(de)合(he)格性。通常(chang)，帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)鋼(gang)酸(suan)洗(xi)(xi)原料以鹽酸(suan)為(wei)主。酸(suan)洗(xi)(xi)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)有(you)大量鹽酸(suan)氣體產(chan)生，需經酸(suan)霧排氣系(xi)統進(jin)行專門處(chu)(chu)理(li)，酸(suan)霧排氣系(xi)統在處(chu)(chu)理(li)鹽酸(suan)氣體的(de)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)產(chan)生大量積液(ye)，將積液(ye)排入(ru)廢水地坑，再由(you)耐酸(suan)泵運送至廢水處(chu)(chu)理(li)站進(jin)行處(chu)(chu)理(li)和排放。

2 傳統酸霧凈化方法(fa)及(ji)缺(que)陷

傳統(tong)酸(suan)(suan)霧(wu)凈(jing)化(hua)方法(fa)(fa)的(de)基本流程(cheng)為：對于酸(suan)(suan)洗(xi)(xi)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)大(da)(da)量(liang)(liang)含(han)(han)酸(suan)(suan)氣(qi)體由風(feng)管向(xiang)酸(suan)(suan)霧(wu)洗(xi)(xi)滌(di)(di)(di)塔(ta)輸送(song)，由酸(suan)(suan)霧(wu)洗(xi)(xi)滌(di)(di)(di)塔(ta)進(jin)行凈(jing)化(hua)處理(li)后經風(feng)機排(pai)入(ru)(ru)煙囪后排(pai)向(xiang)大(da)(da)。酸(suan)(suan)霧(wu)凈(jing)化(hua)裝(zhuang)置主(zhu)要用洗(xi)(xi)滌(di)(di)(di)水(shui)對酸(suan)(suan)霧(wu)進(jin)行洗(xi)(xi)滌(di)(di)(di)。由于酸(suan)(suan)霧(wu)凈(jing)化(hua)裝(zhuang)置通(tong)常是一級洗(xi)(xi)滌(di)(di)(di)，洗(xi)(xi)滌(di)(di)(di)級數較少，無(wu)法(fa)(fa)收(shou)到(dao)良好的(de)洗(xi)(xi)滌(di)(di)(di)效果，同時(shi)受系統(tong)中(zhong)(zhong)缺乏(fa)酸(suan)(suan)霧(wu)冷(leng)卻裝(zhuang)置的(de)限制，無(wu)法(fa)(fa)有效降低(di)洗(xi)(xi)滌(di)(di)(di)水(shui)酸(suan)(suan)的(de)溫度(du)和濃度(du)，溫度(du)通(tong)常保持(chi)在50~60℃，導致(zhi)酸(suan)(suan)霧(wu)中(zhong)(zhong) HCl 凈(jing)化(hua)不徹底，使(shi)得排(pai)入(ru)(ru)大(da)(da)氣(qi)的(de)氣(qi)體中(zhong)(zhong)含(han)(han)有大(da)(da)量(liang)(liang)的(de)鹽酸(suan)(suan)，造(zao)成大(da)(da)量(liang)(liang)鹽酸(suan)(suan)的(de)損失，無(wu)法(fa)(fa)實(shi)現(xian)單(dan)位生(sheng)產(chan)成本的(de)有效控制，同時(shi)排(pai)除(chu)的(de)廢氣(qi)因含(han)(han)有大(da)(da)量(liang)(liang)鹽酸(suan)(suan)而(er)不達排(pai)放標準，對廠區(qu)及(ji)周邊區(qu)域大(da)(da)氣(qi)造(zao)成嚴(yan)(yan)(yan)重污(wu)染(ran)，甚至(zhi)在一定程(cheng)度(du)上腐蝕了廠房的(de)鋼結構以及(ji)機電儀器設備，嚴(yan)(yan)(yan)重威(wei)脅生(sheng)態平衡，甚至(zhi)危及(ji)到(dao)職工及(ji)周邊居民的(de)健康。運用酸(suan)(suan)霧(wu)洗(xi)(xi)滌(di)(di)(di)塔(ta)對酸(suan)(suan)霧(wu)進(jin)行洗(xi)(xi)滌(di)(di)(di)，洗(xi)(xi)滌(di)(di)(di)水(shui)吸收(shou)大(da)(da)量(liang)(liang) HCl，符合回收(shou)利用的(de)標準，若(ruo)直接將其(qi)排(pai)入(ru)(ru)廢水(shui)處理(li)站進(jin)行處理(li)則會浪(lang)費大(da)(da)量(liang)(liang)鹽酸(suan)(suan)，還會嚴(yan)(yan)(yan)重污(wu)染(ran)周邊環境，加大(da)(da)廢水(shui)處理(li)成本。

3 酸霧凈(jing)化回用技術

本工藝根據廢(fei)氣(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)集(ji)、凈化(hua)(hua)(hua)和處(chu)(chu)理共設(she)計(ji)四個(ge)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)，分(fen)(fen)別為廢(fei)氣(qi)(qi)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)集(ji)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)、引風(feng)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)、凈化(hua)(hua)(hua)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)及(ji)排(pai)氣(qi)(qi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)。其中，廢(fei)氣(qi)(qi)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)集(ji)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)又涉及(ji)移動槽蓋與扁口吸風(feng)裝置，引風(feng)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)中最為關(guan)鍵的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)裝置在(zai)于(yu)(yu)(yu)防腐(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)管道的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配置，凈化(hua)(hua)(hua)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)選用(yong)(yong)(yong)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)吸收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)，排(pai)氣(qi)(qi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)煙囪高(gao)達15m且(qie)具有(you)(you)良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)防腐(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)性(xing)。如圖1所示，還可以(yi)(yi)繼續對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)酸(suan)霧凈化(hua)(hua)(hua)處(chu)(chu)理流(liu)程進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)細化(hua)(hua)(hua)，即(ji)廢(fei)氣(qi)(qi)由(you)吸風(feng)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)集(ji)后(hou)(hou)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)入槽間酸(suan)霧通(tong)道，進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)第(di)(di)一次(ci)吸收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)，作(zuo)(zuo)一級(ji)凈化(hua)(hua)(hua)處(chu)(chu)理，再進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)第(di)(di)二(er)次(ci)吸收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)填(tian)(tian)(tian)，作(zuo)(zuo)二(er)級(ji)凈化(hua)(hua)(hua)處(chu)(chu)理，經(jing)吸收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)除涂(tu)層后(hou)(hou)由(you)風(feng)機(ji)傳(chuan)(chuan)入排(pai)氣(qi)(qi)煙囪后(hou)(hou)排(pai)出。當前，國(guo)內(nei)(nei)(nei)仍采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)(ti)吸收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)法來處(chu)(chu)理帶(dai)有(you)(you)酸(suan)、堿的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)腐(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)性(xing)氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)。而要提(ti)高(gao)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)(ti)吸收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)法的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)處(chu)(chu)理效(xiao)率(lv)，則需要選擇合適(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)酸(suan)霧凈化(hua)(hua)(hua)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)。本項(xiang)目選用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是聚(ju)丙烯吸收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)。該吸收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)點(dian)在(zai)于(yu)(yu)(yu)外(wai)觀美觀、輕(qing)巧(qiao)耐(nai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)、便于(yu)(yu)(yu)拆裝與維修、占用(yong)(yong)(yong)空間小低(di)耗電、低(di)噪聲(sheng)、高(gao)強度、高(gao)效(xiao)率(lv)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)較強的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)耐(nai)腐(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)性(xing)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)腐(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)性(xing)氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)眾多水(shui)溶(rong)性(xing)氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)有(you)(you)很好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)吸收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)和去除作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。氣(qi)(qi)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)在(zai)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)內(nei)(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相互接觸依賴于(yu)(yu)(yu)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)內(nei)(nei)(nei)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)媒(mei)介(jie)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)內(nei)(nei)(nei)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)以(yi)(yi)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)支(zhi)撐板進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)支(zhi)撐，在(zai)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)內(nei)(nei)(nei)呈亂堆狀。再由(you)上(shang)方的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)壓板對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)上(shang)升(sheng)氣(qi)(qi)流(liu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)阻隔(ge)。塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)頂(ding)設(she)有(you)(you)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)(ti)分(fen)(fen)布器(qi)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)(ti)噴(pen)淋，并逐漸向內(nei)(nei)(nei)部滲透。由(you)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)底(di)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)入的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)經(jing)氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)分(fen)(fen)布裝置進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)分(fen)(fen)布，自(zi)底(di)部沿填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)空隙向頂(ding)部傳(chuan)(chuan)遞(di)，與液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)(ti)傳(chuan)(chuan)遞(di)方向相逆(ni)，并在(zai)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)表(biao)面進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)充分(fen)(fen)接觸和傳(chuan)(chuan)質(zhi)。下流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)(ti)有(you)(you)時(shi)會(hui)有(you)(you)壁流(liu)現(xian)象(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出現(xian)，由(you)此而導致填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)層中所分(fen)(fen)布的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)不均勻，降低(di)傳(chuan)(chuan)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)率(lv)。所以(yi)(yi)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)噴(pen)淋塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)內(nei)(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)分(fen)(fen)層設(she)置，液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)(ti)自(zi)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)(ti)分(fen)(fen)布器(qi)噴(pen)淋到上(shang)層填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)，經(jing)中層再重新(xin)分(fen)(fen)布后(hou)(hou)向下層填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)噴(pen)淋。為降低(di)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)(ti)隨氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)流(liu)失(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)概率(lv)，塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)頂(ding)還設(she)有(you)(you)汽(qi)水(shui)分(fen)(fen)離器(qi)，以(yi)(yi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)噴(pen)淋液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)截留，進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)而實(shi)現(xian)噴(pen)淋液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)循環(huan)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)，降低(di)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)過程中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)損失(shi)，當塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)頂(ding)噴(pen)淋液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)不足時(shi)，由(you)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)底(di)循環(huan)水(shui)箱適(shi)時(shi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)補充。